Free tools · Measured from space

Heat in Ward 21, Raymond Mhlaba

Summer 2025/26: the ground in Ward 21, Raymond Mhlaba reached about 38 °C on clear mornings. That is the ground (roofs, roads, soil), not the air. Only the summer of 2020/21 was hotter since 2014. In summer the ground here reads about the same as its municipality’s average (since 2014).

Land surface temperature is how hot the ground itself is: roofs, roads, bare soil and leaves, as a satellite sees them from above. Landsat passes at about 10 in the morning and sees only through clear skies. It is not the air temperature a weather station gives: on a sunny day the ground is often 10 to 20 degrees hotter than the air, and hard, dark, dry surfaces heat up most while trees, grass and water stay cooler.

What it is not: not the afternoon peak, not the night, not the air you feel in the shade, and not a reading at any one house. A month with clouds rests on few clear looks.

Summer 2025/26

38.3 °CThe ground, not the airDecember to February, clear mornings
2020/21Hottest summer since 201439.4 °C; the coolest was 2022/23, 29.5 °C
+0.3 °CAgainst its municipalityThe ward’s summers against the municipality’s average, 13 summers since 2014

Every summer since 1987

Each summer (December to February, named by the year it ends) on clear mornings. Bars start at 25 °C, not zero. Darker: Landsat 8 and 9 (from 2014); lighter: Landsat 5 and 7. A gap is a summer seen too little.

Show the numbers

Land surface temperature each summer, 1987 to 2026: every figure
When or what	Figure
Summer 1986 to 87	35.0 °C
Summer 1990 to 91	33.5 °C
Summer 1991 to 92	31.7 °C
Summer 1993 to 94	32.1 °C
Summer 1996 to 97	28.6 °C
Summer 2000 to 01	33.0 °C
Summer 2001 to 02	30.6 °C
Summer 2002 to 03	27.5 °C
Summer 2006 to 07	34.1 °C
Summer 2011 to 12	36.0 °C
Summer 2012 to 13	29.6 °C
Summer 2013 to 14	34.6 °C
Summer 2014 to 15	33.0 °C
Summer 2015 to 16	37.6 °C
Summer 2016 to 17	35.6 °C
Summer 2017 to 18	33.6 °C
Summer 2018 to 19	36.8 °C
Summer 2019 to 20	37.0 °C
Summer 2020 to 21	39.4 °C
Summer 2021 to 22	34.8 °C
Summer 2022 to 23	29.5 °C
Summer 2023 to 24	34.4 °C
Summer 2024 to 25	34.3 °C
Summer 2025 to 26	38.3 °C

The shape of a year

Each month’s average since 2014, clear mornings. Bars start at 14 °C.

Show the numbers

Land surface temperature by calendar month, since 2014: every figure
When or what	Figure
January	36.8 °C
February	33.0 °C
March	29.3 °C
April	24.0 °C
May	21.2 °C
June	17.8 °C
July	16.2 °C
August	20.5 °C
September	26.0 °C
October	30.9 °C
November	32.7 °C
December	35.6 °C

Month by month

Month	Land surface temperature	Clear looks
October 2026	28.1 °C	2.8
September 2026	23.6 °C	1.8
August 2026	18.1 °C	2.6
July 2026	14.2 °C	1.6
June 2026	15.0 °C	1.5
May 2026	19.8 °C	2.5
April 2026	20.6 °C	1.6
March 2026	28.4 °C	2.4
February 2026	32.1 °C	2.5
January 2026	39.2 °C	1.2
December 2025	43.6 °C	1.9
November 2025	38.4 °C	2.1
October 2025	34.1 °C	0.9
September 2025	23.0 °C	1.9
August 2025	17.4 °C	2.3
July 2025	17.5 °C	1.8
June 2025	16.8 °C	1.7
May 2025	21.2 °C	2.6
April 2025	24.9 °C	1.8
March 2025	27.9 °C	2.4
February 2025	29.7 °C	1.8
January 2025	36.7 °C	2.9
December 2024	36.5 °C	1.1
November 2024	26.5 °C	0.4

“Clear looks” is how many times the average 240 m patch of the place was seen through clear sky that month. Under one, part of the place was not seen at all, so the figure leans on the part that was.

Raymond Mhlaba and its wards · Every municipality, ranked

Source

Measured from space by the American Landsat satellites: the ground, not the air.

How we worked this out

Landsat 5 to 2011, Landsat 7 to bridge the gaps, Landsat 8 and 9 from 2013: different satellites pass at slightly different times, so compare summers within the same years first.

What we changed: we kept only the clear land cells (no cloud, cloud shadow, snow or water, with a margin round each cloud), read them at 480 m, and averaged them over each 2026 ward each month; larger places are the sums of their wards.

Landsat imagery courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (Landsat Collection 2 surface temperature, through Digital Earth Africa’s copy).

Dataset: land surface temperature by ward, release of 13 November 2026.