Free tools · Measured from space

Heat in Ward 5, Dr AB Xuma

Summer 2025/26: the ground in Ward 5, Dr AB Xuma reached about 40 °C on clear mornings. That is the ground (roofs, roads, soil), not the air. Only the summer of 2016/17 was hotter since 2014. In summer the ground here reads +3.2 °C against its municipality’s average (since 2014).

Land surface temperature is how hot the ground itself is: roofs, roads, bare soil and leaves, as a satellite sees them from above. Landsat passes at about 10 in the morning and sees only through clear skies. It is not the air temperature a weather station gives: on a sunny day the ground is often 10 to 20 degrees hotter than the air, and hard, dark, dry surfaces heat up most while trees, grass and water stay cooler.

What it is not: not the afternoon peak, not the night, not the air you feel in the shade, and not a reading at any one house. A month with clouds rests on few clear looks.

Summer 2025/26

40.1 °CThe ground, not the airDecember to February, clear mornings
2016/17Hottest summer since 201443.4 °C; the coolest was 2021/22, 35.9 °C
+3.2 °CAgainst its municipalityThe ward’s summers against the municipality’s average, 10 summers since 2014

Every summer since 1994

Each summer (December to February, named by the year it ends) on clear mornings. Bars start at 30 °C, not zero. Darker: Landsat 8 and 9 (from 2014); lighter: Landsat 5 and 7. A gap is a summer seen too little.

Show the numbers

Land surface temperature each summer, 1994 to 2026: every figure
When or what	Figure
Summer 1993 to 94	33.7 °C
Summer 1994 to 95	43.6 °C
Summer 1997 to 98	32.8 °C
Summer 1998 to 99	36.5 °C
Summer 2001 to 02	35.0 °C
Summer 2002 to 03	44.6 °C
Summer 2006 to 07	34.0 °C
Summer 2012 to 13	34.2 °C
Summer 2013 to 14	39.1 °C
Summer 2016 to 17	43.4 °C
Summer 2017 to 18	38.1 °C
Summer 2018 to 19	36.3 °C
Summer 2020 to 21	38.4 °C
Summer 2021 to 22	35.9 °C
Summer 2022 to 23	37.0 °C
Summer 2023 to 24	36.2 °C
Summer 2024 to 25	36.4 °C
Summer 2025 to 26	40.1 °C

The shape of a year

Each month’s average since 2014, clear mornings. Bars start at 15 °C.

Show the numbers

Land surface temperature by calendar month, since 2014: every figure
When or what	Figure
January	40.1 °C
February	36.3 °C
March	30.6 °C
April	25.8 °C
May	21.8 °C
June	17.4 °C
July	17.8 °C
August	23.6 °C
September	29.3 °C
October	35.7 °C
November	37.0 °C
December	37.7 °C

Month by month

Month	Land surface temperature	Clear looks
October 2026	32.2 °C	2.6
September 2026	24.1 °C	1.7
August 2026	21.8 °C	2.5
July 2026	13.2 °C	1.3
June 2026	18.3 °C	1.7
May 2026	22.0 °C	3.3
April 2026	23.6 °C	0.9
March 2026	33.5 °C	1.6
February 2026	33.1 °C	2.0
January 2026	47.2 °C	1.2
December 2025	40.1 °C	0.9
November 2025	Seen too little	0.0
October 2025	36.9 °C	2.7
September 2025	27.1 °C	0.9
August 2025	21.4 °C	2.7
July 2025	17.8 °C	2.4
June 2025	15.7 °C	1.6
May 2025	20.4 °C	3.3
April 2025	25.6 °C	1.7
March 2025	28.1 °C	1.2
February 2025	34.6 °C	0.9
January 2025	35.9 °C	2.0
December 2024	38.7 °C	2.7
November 2024	34.9 °C	2.0

“Clear looks” is how many times the average 240 m patch of the place was seen through clear sky that month. Under one, part of the place was not seen at all, so the figure leans on the part that was.

Dr AB Xuma and its wards · Every municipality, ranked

Source

Measured from space by the American Landsat satellites: the ground, not the air.

How we worked this out

Landsat 5 to 2011, Landsat 7 to bridge the gaps, Landsat 8 and 9 from 2013: different satellites pass at slightly different times, so compare summers within the same years first.

What we changed: we kept only the clear land cells (no cloud, cloud shadow, snow or water, with a margin round each cloud), read them at 480 m, and averaged them over each 2026 ward each month; larger places are the sums of their wards.

Landsat imagery courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (Landsat Collection 2 surface temperature, through Digital Earth Africa’s copy).

Dataset: land surface temperature by ward, release of 13 November 2026.