Free tools · Measured from space

Heat in Ward 14, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

Summer 2025/26: the ground in Ward 14, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela reached about 34 °C on clear mornings. That is the ground (roofs, roads, soil), not the air. The 6th hottest of 11 summers since 2014. In summer the ground here reads −1.9 °C against its municipality’s average (since 2014).

Land surface temperature is how hot the ground itself is: roofs, roads, bare soil and leaves, as a satellite sees them from above. Landsat passes at about 10 in the morning and sees only through clear skies. It is not the air temperature a weather station gives: on a sunny day the ground is often 10 to 20 degrees hotter than the air, and hard, dark, dry surfaces heat up most while trees, grass and water stay cooler.

What it is not: not the afternoon peak, not the night, not the air you feel in the shade, and not a reading at any one house. A month with clouds rests on few clear looks.

Summer 2025/26

33.5 °CThe ground, not the airDecember to February, clear mornings
2015/16Hottest summer since 201438.5 °C; the coolest was 2016/17, 29.3 °C
−1.9 °CAgainst its municipalityThe ward’s summers against the municipality’s average, 11 summers since 2014

Every summer since 1991

Each summer (December to February, named by the year it ends) on clear mornings. Bars start at 27 °C, not zero. Darker: Landsat 8 and 9 (from 2014); lighter: Landsat 5 and 7. A gap is a summer seen too little.

Show the numbers

Land surface temperature each summer, 1991 to 2026: every figure
When or what	Figure
Summer 1990 to 91	29.3 °C
Summer 1994 to 95	33.6 °C
Summer 1996 to 97	32.8 °C
Summer 1997 to 98	37.2 °C
Summer 1998 to 99	29.0 °C
Summer 1999 to 00	29.6 °C
Summer 2000 to 01	33.3 °C
Summer 2001 to 02	29.9 °C
Summer 2002 to 03	33.5 °C
Summer 2006 to 07	31.4 °C
Summer 2012 to 13	31.1 °C
Summer 2015 to 16	38.5 °C
Summer 2016 to 17	29.3 °C
Summer 2017 to 18	29.3 °C
Summer 2018 to 19	31.4 °C
Summer 2019 to 20	34.3 °C
Summer 2020 to 21	32.4 °C
Summer 2021 to 22	33.8 °C
Summer 2022 to 23	34.3 °C
Summer 2023 to 24	31.1 °C
Summer 2024 to 25	34.3 °C
Summer 2025 to 26	33.5 °C

The shape of a year

Each month’s average since 2014, clear mornings. Bars start at 17 °C.

Show the numbers

Land surface temperature by calendar month, since 2014: every figure
When or what	Figure
January	33.1 °C
February	32.9 °C
March	29.8 °C
April	25.1 °C
May	22.5 °C
June	19.0 °C
July	19.9 °C
August	22.6 °C
September	27.5 °C
October	32.2 °C
November	32.5 °C
December	33.1 °C

Month by month

Month	Land surface temperature	Clear looks
October 2026	29.0 °C	2.6
September 2026	26.1 °C	5.8
August 2026	23.6 °C	4.1
July 2026	21.8 °C	3.6
June 2026	20.6 °C	2.8
May 2026	24.6 °C	3.2
April 2026	29.1 °C	6.5
March 2026	31.0 °C	2.6
February 2026	35.2 °C	6.3
January 2026	34.8 °C	4.1
December 2025	30.6 °C	2.1
November 2025	30.5 °C	1.6
October 2025	34.4 °C	5.3
September 2025	29.9 °C	2.2
August 2025	22.1 °C	5.0
July 2025	21.0 °C	4.0
June 2025	19.7 °C	5.4
May 2025	22.2 °C	6.3
April 2025	23.3 °C	2.7
March 2025	28.7 °C	6.8
February 2025	Seen too little	0.1
January 2025	32.8 °C	0.8
December 2024	35.7 °C	2.3
November 2024	27.7 °C	0.9

“Clear looks” is how many times the average 240 m patch of the place was seen through clear sky that month. Under one, part of the place was not seen at all, so the figure leans on the part that was.

Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and its wards · Every municipality, ranked

Source

Measured from space by the American Landsat satellites: the ground, not the air.

How we worked this out

Landsat 5 to 2011, Landsat 7 to bridge the gaps, Landsat 8 and 9 from 2013: different satellites pass at slightly different times, so compare summers within the same years first.

What we changed: we kept only the clear land cells (no cloud, cloud shadow, snow or water, with a margin round each cloud), read them at 480 m, and averaged them over each 2026 ward each month; larger places are the sums of their wards.

Landsat imagery courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (Landsat Collection 2 surface temperature, through Digital Earth Africa’s copy).

Dataset: land surface temperature by ward, release of 13 November 2026.