Free tools · Measured from space

Heat in Ward 2, Musina

Summer 2025/26: the ground in Ward 2, Musina reached about 41 °C on clear mornings. That is the ground (roofs, roads, soil), not the air. The 7th hottest of 9 summers since 2014. In summer the ground here reads about the same as its municipality’s average (since 2014).

Land surface temperature is how hot the ground itself is: roofs, roads, bare soil and leaves, as a satellite sees them from above. Landsat passes at about 10 in the morning and sees only through clear skies. It is not the air temperature a weather station gives: on a sunny day the ground is often 10 to 20 degrees hotter than the air, and hard, dark, dry surfaces heat up most while trees, grass and water stay cooler.

What it is not: not the afternoon peak, not the night, not the air you feel in the shade, and not a reading at any one house. A month with clouds rests on few clear looks.

Summer 2025/26

40.8 °CThe ground, not the airDecember to February, clear mornings
2015/16Hottest summer since 201447.6 °C; the coolest was 2022/23, 40.1 °C
−0.4 °CAgainst its municipalityThe ward’s summers against the municipality’s average, 9 summers since 2014

Every summer since 2016

Each summer (December to February, named by the year it ends) on clear mornings. Bars start at 38 °C, not zero. Darker: Landsat 8 and 9 (from 2014); lighter: Landsat 5 and 7. A gap is a summer seen too little.

Show the numbers

Land surface temperature each summer, 2016 to 2026: every figure
When or what	Figure
Summer 2015 to 16	47.6 °C
Summer 2016 to 17	46.6 °C
Summer 2018 to 19	44.7 °C
Summer 2019 to 20	40.6 °C
Summer 2021 to 22	42.5 °C
Summer 2022 to 23	40.1 °C
Summer 2023 to 24	41.2 °C
Summer 2024 to 25	42.5 °C
Summer 2025 to 26	40.8 °C

The shape of a year

Each month’s average since 2014, clear mornings. Bars start at 25 °C.

Show the numbers

Land surface temperature by calendar month, since 2014: every figure
When or what	Figure
January	41.5 °C
February	39.6 °C
March	39.4 °C
April	34.0 °C
May	31.2 °C
June	27.5 °C
July	27.8 °C
August	33.0 °C
September	39.4 °C
October	45.8 °C
November	48.0 °C
December	46.0 °C

Month by month

Month	Land surface temperature	Clear looks
October 2026	47.2 °C	0.7
September 2026	36.4 °C	0.7
August 2026	30.5 °C	1.4
July 2026	27.0 °C	1.6
June 2026	26.2 °C	1.1
May 2026	28.9 °C	0.9
April 2026	Seen too little	0.1
March 2026	Seen too little	0.0
February 2026	39.3 °C	0.9
January 2026	Seen too little	0.2
December 2025	42.3 °C	0.7
November 2025	43.1 °C	0.6
October 2025	43.3 °C	1.1
September 2025	40.1 °C	1.6
August 2025	30.6 °C	1.7
July 2025	27.4 °C	1.9
June 2025	27.4 °C	1.0
May 2025	29.2 °C	1.5
April 2025	34.0 °C	0.7
March 2025	Seen too little	0.2
February 2025	38.2 °C	0.4
January 2025	36.1 °C	0.4
December 2024	53.3 °C	1.0
November 2024	50.9 °C	1.2

“Clear looks” is how many times the average 240 m patch of the place was seen through clear sky that month. Under one, part of the place was not seen at all, so the figure leans on the part that was.

Musina and its wards · Every municipality, ranked

Source

Measured from space by the American Landsat satellites: the ground, not the air.

How we worked this out

Landsat 5 to 2011, Landsat 7 to bridge the gaps, Landsat 8 and 9 from 2013: different satellites pass at slightly different times, so compare summers within the same years first.

What we changed: we kept only the clear land cells (no cloud, cloud shadow, snow or water, with a margin round each cloud), read them at 480 m, and averaged them over each 2026 ward each month; larger places are the sums of their wards.

Landsat imagery courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey (Landsat Collection 2 surface temperature, through Digital Earth Africa’s copy).

Dataset: land surface temperature by ward, release of 13 November 2026.